Old Iranian languages
E132168
Old Iranian languages are the earliest attested branch of the Iranian language family, including ancient tongues such as Avestan and Old Persian used in early Iranian civilizations.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Old Iranian languages canonical | 3 |
| Old Iranian | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1023284 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Old Iranian languages Context triple: [Iranian languages, hasStage, Old Iranian languages]
-
A.
Iranian languages
Iranian languages are a branch of the Indo-Iranian family of Indo-European languages, historically spoken across Iran, Central Asia, and surrounding regions, including major languages such as Persian (Farsi), Pashto, and Kurdish.
-
B.
Judeo-Iranian languages
Judeo-Iranian languages are a group of Iranian languages traditionally spoken and written by Jewish communities in Iran and surrounding regions, often featuring Hebrew and Aramaic influences.
-
C.
Eastern Iranian languages
Eastern Iranian languages are a subgroup of the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian language family, comprising languages such as Pashto and Ossetian spoken mainly in eastern Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of Central Asia and the Caucasus.
-
D.
Avestan language
The Avestan language is an ancient Eastern Iranian language known primarily as the liturgical language of Zoroastrianism and the sacred texts of the Avesta.
-
E.
Southeastern Iranian languages
Southeastern Iranian languages are a subgroup of the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian language family, historically spoken in eastern Iran and surrounding regions and including languages such as Pashto and Ossetian.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Old Iranian languages Target entity description: Old Iranian languages are the earliest attested branch of the Iranian language family, including ancient tongues such as Avestan and Old Persian used in early Iranian civilizations.
-
A.
Iranian languages
Iranian languages are a branch of the Indo-Iranian family of Indo-European languages, historically spoken across Iran, Central Asia, and surrounding regions, including major languages such as Persian (Farsi), Pashto, and Kurdish.
-
B.
Judeo-Iranian languages
Judeo-Iranian languages are a group of Iranian languages traditionally spoken and written by Jewish communities in Iran and surrounding regions, often featuring Hebrew and Aramaic influences.
-
C.
Eastern Iranian languages
Eastern Iranian languages are a subgroup of the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian language family, comprising languages such as Pashto and Ossetian spoken mainly in eastern Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of Central Asia and the Caucasus.
-
D.
Avestan language
The Avestan language is an ancient Eastern Iranian language known primarily as the liturgical language of Zoroastrianism and the sacred texts of the Avesta.
-
E.
Southeastern Iranian languages
Southeastern Iranian languages are a subgroup of the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian language family, historically spoken in eastern Iran and surrounding regions and including languages such as Pashto and Ossetian.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
branch of the Iranian languages
ⓘ
group of Indo-Iranian languages ⓘ |
| attestedIn |
administrative documents
ⓘ
epigraphic sources ⓘ religious texts ⓘ royal inscriptions ⓘ |
| era |
pre-Islamic Iran
ⓘ
linked to:
Ancient Iran
pre-classical antiquity ⓘ |
| followedBy | Middle Iranian languages ⓘ |
| geographicDistribution |
Central Asia
ⓘ
Eastern Europe (Scythian areas) ⓘ
linked to:
Scythia
Iranian Plateau ⓘ
linked to:
Iranian plateau
South Asia (northwestern regions) ⓘ
linked to:
northwestern India
|
| hasNotableLanguage |
Avestan
ⓘ
linked to:
Avestan language
Median language ⓘ Old Persian ⓘ Scythian languages ⓘ |
| hasPart |
Avestan
ⓘ
linked to:
Avestan language
Bactrian language ⓘ Khwarezmian language ⓘ Median language ⓘ Old Chorasmian ⓘ Old Persian ⓘ Parthian language ⓘ Saka languages ⓘ Scythian languages ⓘ Sogdian language ⓘ |
| languageFamily |
Indo-European
ⓘ
linked to:
Indo-European language family
Indo-Iranian ⓘ
linked to:
Indo-Iranian languages
Iranian ⓘ |
| partOf | Iranian languages ⓘ |
| precededBy | Proto-Iranian language ⓘ |
| subclassOf |
Indo-European languages
ⓘ
Indo-Iranian languages ⓘ |
| timePeriod |
1st millennium BCE
ⓘ
late 2nd millennium BCE ⓘ |
| usedFor |
Zoroastrian liturgy
ⓘ
administration ⓘ diplomacy ⓘ royal proclamations ⓘ |
| usedIn |
Achaemenid Empire
ⓘ
ancient Central Asia ⓘ ancient Greater Iran ⓘ ancient Iranian civilizations ⓘ |
| writingSystem |
Aramaic-derived scripts
ⓘ
Avestan script ⓘ Greek alphabet (for Bactrian) ⓘ
linked to:
Greek alphabet
Old Persian cuneiform ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Old Iranian languages Description of subject: Old Iranian languages are the earliest attested branch of the Iranian language family, including ancient tongues such as Avestan and Old Persian used in early Iranian civilizations.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Old Iranian languages