Third Intermediate Period of Egypt

E109174

historical period period of ancient Egypt

The Third Intermediate Period of Egypt was a time of political fragmentation, weakened central authority, and foreign influence that followed the New Kingdom and preceded the Late Period in ancient Egyptian history.

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All labels observed (3)

Label	Occurrences
Third Intermediate Period of Egypt canonical	93
Third Intermediate Period	22
Third Intermediate Period of ancient Egypt	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T807911 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Third Intermediate Period of Egypt
Context triple: [Pharaonic Egypt, period, Third Intermediate Period of Egypt]

A. Second Intermediate Period of Egypt
The Second Intermediate Period of Egypt was a time of political fragmentation and foreign rule, notably by the Hyksos, between the Middle and New Kingdoms.
B. First Intermediate Period of Egypt
The First Intermediate Period of Egypt was a time of political fragmentation, weakened central authority, and regional rivalries between local rulers that separated the Old Kingdom from the Middle Kingdom.
C. Middle Kingdom of Egypt
The Middle Kingdom of Egypt was a classical phase of ancient Egyptian civilization marked by political reunification, flourishing literature and arts, and major developments in administration and temple building.
D. Late Period of Egypt
The Late Period of Egypt was the final era of native Egyptian rule, marked by political fragmentation, foreign invasions (notably by the Persians), and a cultural revival that looked back to earlier Pharaonic traditions.
E. New Kingdom of Egypt
The New Kingdom of Egypt was a powerful and expansive era of ancient Egyptian civilization, marked by imperial conquest, monumental temple building, and flourishing art and culture roughly between the 16th and 11th centuries BCE.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Third Intermediate Period of Egypt
Target entity description: The Third Intermediate Period of Egypt was a time of political fragmentation, weakened central authority, and foreign influence that followed the New Kingdom and preceded the Late Period in ancient Egyptian history.

A. Second Intermediate Period of Egypt
The Second Intermediate Period of Egypt was a time of political fragmentation and foreign rule, notably by the Hyksos, between the Middle and New Kingdoms.
B. First Intermediate Period of Egypt
The First Intermediate Period of Egypt was a time of political fragmentation, weakened central authority, and regional rivalries between local rulers that separated the Old Kingdom from the Middle Kingdom.
C. Middle Kingdom of Egypt
The Middle Kingdom of Egypt was a classical phase of ancient Egyptian civilization marked by political reunification, flourishing literature and arts, and major developments in administration and temple building.
D. Late Period of Egypt
The Late Period of Egypt was the final era of native Egyptian rule, marked by political fragmentation, foreign invasions (notably by the Persians), and a cultural revival that looked back to earlier Pharaonic traditions.
E. New Kingdom of Egypt
The New Kingdom of Egypt was a powerful and expansive era of ancient Egyptian civilization, marked by imperial conquest, monumental temple building, and flourishing art and culture roughly between the 16th and 11th centuries BCE.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (48)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	historical period ⓘ period of ancient Egypt ⓘ
capital	Bubastis ⓘ Tanis ⓘ Thebes ⓘ
chronologyDebate	subject to scholarly disagreement on exact dates ⓘ
country	Ancient Egypt ⓘ linked to: Pharaonic Egypt
culturalFeature	continuation of traditional Egyptian art forms with regional variation ⓘ strong role of the Amun priesthood at Thebes ⓘ use of Libyan personal names among rulers ⓘ
endTime	c. 664 BCE ⓘ
followedByEvent	Saite reunification of Egypt under the Twenty-sixth Dynasty ⓘ linked to: Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt
follows	New Kingdom of Egypt ⓘ
foreignPowerInvolved	Assyrian Empire ⓘ linked to: Assyria Libyans ⓘ linked to: Libya Nubians ⓘ
hasPart	Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt ⓘ Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt ⓘ Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt ⓘ Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt ⓘ Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt ⓘ
mainCharacteristic	division between north and south Egypt ⓘ foreign influence ⓘ political fragmentation ⓘ weakened central authority ⓘ
notableRuler	Bakenranef ⓘ Osorkon II ⓘ Pedubast I ⓘ Piye ⓘ Psusennes I ⓘ linked to: Smendes I Shabaka ⓘ Shoshenq I ⓘ Smendes I ⓘ Taharqa ⓘ Takelot II ⓘ Tantamani ⓘ Tefnakht ⓘ
politicalStructure	Nubian Kushite rule in later phase ⓘ coexistence of multiple dynasties ⓘ rule by Libyan-origin chiefs ⓘ
precededByEvent	collapse of New Kingdom imperial power ⓘ
precedes	Late Period of Egypt ⓘ
religion	ancient Egyptian religion ⓘ
significantEvent	Assyrian invasions of Egypt in the 7th century BCE ⓘ Kushite conquest of Egypt under Piye ⓘ linked to: Kushite period Libyan settlement and rise to power in the Delta ⓘ establishment of the Twenty-second Dynasty at Bubastis ⓘ
startTime	c. 1069 BCE ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (116)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Pharaonic Egypt → period → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Late Period of Egypt → follows → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Shabaka Stone → historicalPeriod → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Bubastis → flourishedDuring → Third Intermediate Period of ancient Egypt ⓘ

linked to: Third Intermediate Period of Egypt

New Kingdom of Egypt → precedes → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Egyptology → studiesPeriod → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Amun → worshipPeriod → Third Intermediate Period ⓘ

linked to: Third Intermediate Period of Egypt

Medinet Habu → timeOfUse → Third Intermediate Period ⓘ

linked to: Third Intermediate Period of Egypt

Saite political renaissance → follows → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Zau → significantPeriod → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Shabaka → era → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt → partOf → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Per-Bast → periodOfFlourishing → Third Intermediate Period ⓘ

linked to: Third Intermediate Period of Egypt

Tell Basta → flourishedDuring → Third Intermediate Period ⓘ

linked to: Third Intermediate Period of Egypt

Tell Basta → hasPeriodOfOccupation → Third Intermediate Period ⓘ

linked to: Third Intermediate Period of Egypt

Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt → partOf → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Shabaka → era → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

subject linked to: Pharaoh Shabaka

Shoshenq I → period → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt → partOf → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt → period → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Osorkon I → era → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

20th Dynasty of Egypt → successorState → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Theban Necropolis → periodOfUse → Third Intermediate Period ⓘ

linked to: Third Intermediate Period of Egypt

Egyptian antiquities → timeSpan → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Saite Egypt → precededBy → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Osorkon II → period → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Karnak Temple inscriptions → chronology → Third Intermediate Period ⓘ

linked to: Third Intermediate Period of Egypt

Kushite royal family → timePeriod → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Piye → era → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Tanis → flourishedInPeriod → Third Intermediate Period ⓘ

linked to: Third Intermediate Period of Egypt

Tanis → culturalPeriod → Third Intermediate Period ⓘ

linked to: Third Intermediate Period of Egypt

Shebitku → era → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Hieratic script → usedInPeriod → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Theban Triad → periodOfProminence → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Precinct of Mut → flourishedDuring → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

El-Kurru → period → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Egyptian–Nubian relations → involves → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Nekheb → hasCityWallsFromPeriod → Third Intermediate Period ⓘ

subject linked to: city of Nekheb (Elkab)

linked to: Third Intermediate Period of Egypt

Precinct of Montu → periodOfUse → Third Intermediate Period ⓘ

linked to: Third Intermediate Period of Egypt

Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt → partOf → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Pedubast I → period → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Tefnakht → period → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Bakenranef → ruledDuringPeriod → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Smendes I → period → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Takelot II → reignPeriod → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt → partOf → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Iron Age Egypt → hasPart → Third Intermediate Period ⓘ

linked to: Third Intermediate Period of Egypt

Saite Renaissance → follows → Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ⓘ

Napata temple complex → timePeriod → Third Intermediate Period ⓘ

linked to: Third Intermediate Period of Egypt

Mendes → periodOfOccupation → Third Intermediate Period ⓘ

subject linked to: city of Mendes

linked to: Third Intermediate Period of Egypt

All labels observed (3)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (48)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (116)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited