Article 161 of the Constitution of India
E1021950
Article 161 of the Constitution of India grants state Governors the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of punishment for offences against state laws.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Article 161 of the Constitution of India canonical | 3 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T13020902 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Article 161 of the Constitution of India Context triple: [Governor of Uttar Pradesh, constitutionalArticle, Article 161 of the Constitution of India]
-
A.
Article 164 of the Constitution of India
Article 164 of the Constitution of India is the provision that governs the appointment, tenure, and responsibilities of state Chief Ministers and their Councils of Ministers.
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B.
Article 217 of the Constitution of India
Article 217 of the Constitution of India lays down the procedure, qualifications, and conditions for the appointment and tenure of High Court judges in India.
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C.
Article 156 of the Constitution of India
Article 156 of the Constitution of India is the provision that governs the tenure, conditions of office, and removal of state Governors.
-
D.
Article 141 of the Constitution of India
Article 141 of the Constitution of India is the provision that establishes the binding nature of the Supreme Court’s decisions as law on all courts within the country.
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E.
Article 140 of the Constitution of India
Article 140 of the Constitution of India empowers Parliament to confer supplemental powers on the Supreme Court to enable it to more effectively exercise its jurisdiction.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Article 161 of the Constitution of India Target entity description: Article 161 of the Constitution of India grants state Governors the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of punishment for offences against state laws.
-
A.
Article 164 of the Constitution of India
Article 164 of the Constitution of India is the provision that governs the appointment, tenure, and responsibilities of state Chief Ministers and their Councils of Ministers.
-
B.
Article 217 of the Constitution of India
Article 217 of the Constitution of India lays down the procedure, qualifications, and conditions for the appointment and tenure of High Court judges in India.
-
C.
Article 156 of the Constitution of India
Article 156 of the Constitution of India is the provision that governs the tenure, conditions of office, and removal of state Governors.
-
D.
Article 141 of the Constitution of India
Article 141 of the Constitution of India is the provision that establishes the binding nature of the Supreme Court’s decisions as law on all courts within the country.
-
E.
Article 140 of the Constitution of India
Article 140 of the Constitution of India empowers Parliament to confer supplemental powers on the Supreme Court to enable it to more effectively exercise its jurisdiction.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
article of the Constitution of India
ⓘ
constitutional provision ⓘ |
| aimsTo | provide mercy and corrective justice in appropriate cases ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
Governor of a State in India
ⓘ
offences against laws to which the executive power of the State extends ⓘ offences against state laws in India ⓘ |
| basedOn |
principle of executive clemency
ⓘ
principle of separation of powers ⓘ |
| bindingOn |
State Government of India
ⓘ
linked to:
State Governments of India
|
| cameIntoForceOn | 26 January 1950 ⓘ |
| comparedWith | Article 72 of the Constitution of India ⓘ |
| confersPower |
power to commute sentences
ⓘ
power to grant pardons ⓘ power to grant remissions of punishment ⓘ power to grant reprieves ⓘ power to grant respites ⓘ power to remit sentences ⓘ power to suspend sentences ⓘ |
| constitutionalLevel | state level ⓘ |
| country | India ⓘ |
| distinguishedFrom | Article 72 of the Constitution of India ⓘ |
| doesNotExtendTo |
court-martial cases under military law
ⓘ
death sentences imposed for offences under laws where the Union executive power extends ⓘ offences where the power of pardon lies with the President of India ⓘ |
| foundIn |
Chapter II of Part VI of the Constitution of India
ⓘ
Part VI of the Constitution of India ⓘ |
| governs | exercise of clemency powers by State Governors ⓘ |
| grantsPowerTo | Governor of a State in India ⓘ |
| hasAuthorityOver | sentences imposed under state laws ⓘ |
| interpretedBy |
High Courts of India
ⓘ
Supreme Court of India ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| legalEffect |
enables Governor to alter or extinguish criminal liability within State domain
ⓘ
provides constitutional basis for gubernatorial clemency ⓘ |
| locatedInJurisdiction |
Republic of India
ⓘ
linked to:
India
|
| originalLanguage | English ⓘ |
| partOf | Constitution of India ⓘ |
| relatedConcept |
commutation of sentence
ⓘ
criminal justice system in India ⓘ pardon ⓘ remission ⓘ reprieve ⓘ respite ⓘ |
| relatesTo | executive power of the State ⓘ |
| requires | exercise of discretion by the Governor ⓘ |
| subjectMatter | clemency powers of the Governor ⓘ |
| subjectTo | judicial review on limited grounds ⓘ |
| yearEnacted | 1950 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Article 161 of the Constitution of India Description of subject: Article 161 of the Constitution of India grants state Governors the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of punishment for offences against state laws.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
Governor of Karnataka
→
constitutionalArticlesGoverningOffice
→
Article 161 of the Constitution of India
ⓘ