Pak Ou Buddha Caves

E1020004

Buddhist pilgrimage site cave complex tourist attraction

Pak Ou Buddha Caves are a famous pair of limestone caves near Luang Prabang in Laos, renowned for their thousands of Buddha statues placed there by pilgrims over centuries.

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All labels observed (7)

Label	Occurrences
Pak Ou Caves	4
Cave of Ten Thousand Buddhas	1
Pak Ou	1
Pak Ou Buddha Caves canonical	1
Pak Ou Caves complex	1
Pak Ou cave complex	1
Tham Pak Ou	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T13076527 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Pak Ou Buddha Caves
Context triple: [Pak Ou Caves, alternateName, Pak Ou Buddha Caves]

A. Viengxay caves
Viengxay caves are an extensive limestone cave complex in northeastern Laos that served as the Pathet Lao’s underground stronghold and wartime refuge during the Laotian Civil War.
B. Monkey Temple
Monkey Temple is the popular nickname for Swayambhunath, an ancient hilltop Buddhist stupa and major religious site overlooking Kathmandu, Nepal, known for its resident monkeys and panoramic city views.
C. Phra Nang Cave
Phra Nang Cave is a famous seaside cave and beach area in Krabi, Thailand, known for its dramatic limestone cliffs, sacred shrine, and popular rock-climbing and sightseeing opportunities.
D. Tien Son Cave
Tien Son Cave is a scenic limestone cave in central Vietnam renowned for its spectacular stalactites and stalagmites and its proximity to the famous Phong Nha Cave system.
E. Perak Cave Temple
Perak Cave Temple is a famous Chinese Buddhist cave temple and pilgrimage site in Ipoh, Malaysia, known for its limestone cavern shrines, large Buddha statues, and hilltop panoramic views.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Pak Ou Buddha Caves
Target entity description: Pak Ou Buddha Caves are a famous pair of limestone caves near Luang Prabang in Laos, renowned for their thousands of Buddha statues placed there by pilgrims over centuries.

A. Viengxay caves
Viengxay caves are an extensive limestone cave complex in northeastern Laos that served as the Pathet Lao’s underground stronghold and wartime refuge during the Laotian Civil War.
B. Monkey Temple
Monkey Temple is the popular nickname for Swayambhunath, an ancient hilltop Buddhist stupa and major religious site overlooking Kathmandu, Nepal, known for its resident monkeys and panoramic city views.
C. Phra Nang Cave
Phra Nang Cave is a famous seaside cave and beach area in Krabi, Thailand, known for its dramatic limestone cliffs, sacred shrine, and popular rock-climbing and sightseeing opportunities.
D. Tien Son Cave
Tien Son Cave is a scenic limestone cave in central Vietnam renowned for its spectacular stalactites and stalagmites and its proximity to the famous Phong Nha Cave system.
E. Perak Cave Temple
Perak Cave Temple is a famous Chinese Buddhist cave temple and pilgrimage site in Ipoh, Malaysia, known for its limestone cavern shrines, large Buddha statues, and hilltop panoramic views.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (48)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Buddhist pilgrimage site ⓘ cave complex ⓘ tourist attraction ⓘ
accessibleBy	boat ⓘ road and short boat crossing ⓘ
associatedWith	Theravada Buddhism ⓘ linked to: Theravada
contains	bronze Buddha statues ⓘ reclining Buddha images ⓘ seated Buddha images ⓘ standing Buddha images ⓘ stone Buddha statues ⓘ wooden Buddha statues ⓘ
country	Laos ⓘ
culturalSignificance	important religious site for Lao Buddhists ⓘ part of local ritual practices ⓘ
dedicatedTo	Buddha ⓘ
distanceFrom	Luang Prabang ⓘ
etymology	name refers to the mouth of the Ou River ⓘ
hasLocalName	Tham Pak Ou ⓘ
hasPart	Tham Theung ⓘ Tham Ting ⓘ
hasReligiousObjects	candles ⓘ incense offerings ⓘ offerings of flowers ⓘ
hasViewOf	Mekong River valley ⓘ linked to: upper Mekong basin
heritageStatus	popular cultural heritage site in Laos ⓘ
lightingCondition	lower cave relatively well lit ⓘ upper cave darker and deeper ⓘ
locatedAtConfluenceOf	Mekong River ⓘ Nam Ou River ⓘ
locatedIn	Luang Prabang Province ⓘ
locatedNear	Luang Prabang ⓘ
locatedOn	Mekong River ⓘ
lowerCave	Tham Ting ⓘ
material	limestone ⓘ
nearbySettlement	Pak Ou village ⓘ
notableFor	Buddha images of various sizes and styles ⓘ thousands of Buddha statues ⓘ
pilgrimageTradition	placement of Buddha statues by pilgrims ⓘ
region	northern Laos ⓘ
religion	Buddhism ⓘ
tourismActivity	river cruises from Luang Prabang ⓘ
tourismInfrastructure	boat landing ⓘ stairways up the cliff face ⓘ
upperCave	Tham Theung ⓘ
usedSinceCentury	at least the 16th century ⓘ
visitedBy	international tourists ⓘ local pilgrims ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (10)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Pak Ou Caves → alternateName → Pak Ou Buddha Caves ⓘ

subject linked to: Pak Ou Caves (nearby attraction)

Pak Ou Caves → alternateName → Tham Pak Ou ⓘ

subject linked to: Pak Ou Caves (nearby attraction)